Movie Review The Mists Of Avalon Essay - 1631 Words

Movie Review: The Mists of Avalon Most people have heard the story of King Arthur and Camelot, most have probably heard several stories that focus on different views, different events, but for the most part the story remains the similar. Ask those same people how many Arthurian movies have you seen again many have been made and most stay along the same path, save for one, The Mists of Avalon takes us on a whole new version of the story coming from the often portrayed villainess Morgaine La Faye. With Mists of Avalon we get the story from Arthur s sister and pagan Morgaine. The T.V miniseries turned film, is based off of the book by the sci-fi slightly feminist author Marion Zimmerman Bradley, and is portrayed with great acting and imagery which really puts you in the time period when quests for the Holy Grail took place, combined with the struggle of religion and politics really played a role in history. King Arthur from a Feminist viewpoint. When someone mentions Camelot, Lancelot, King Arthur, Mordred, Merlin, and Lady of the lake, they are familiar names and terms from either books or movies in some form. You will find films that stick to a more historical view point or an easy to digest one such as Walt Disney’s the Sword and the Stone, most of the tales are the same from the same viewpoints with slight changes for the audience to relate or enjoy. Marion Zimmer Bradley’s version is one like no other, the story is told from Arthur’s sister Morgaine Le Faye, the story has

Adventures for Ages 6 to 12 in Alices Adventures in Wonderland by Book Report/Review

Essays on Adventures for Ages 6 to 12 in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Carroll Book Report/Review The paper "Adventures for Ages 6 to 12 in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Carroll" is a good example of a book review on literature. Carroll’s (1865) Alices Adventures in Wonderland is an enjoyable book because it is filled with memorable characters, events, and symbolism. It has silly characters too that seem just plain funny at first, but if analyzed closely, they might represent certain people or cultures. I think this book is written to be entertaining because of its interesting characters and events, although it has its didactic side, especially when it teaches the theme of finding one’s identity despite confusing and challenging experiences, and I believe that this book is most appropriate for those in ages 6 to 12, or in Stage 4, of Erikson’s theory on stages of development because they are also in the stage of finding their real identities. This book is written to be entertaining because of the silly characters and strange events that happened to them, but it remains didactic if readers think about what it says about identity. It is entertaining because it is about adventure in a bizarre land where characters are unbelievably unpredictable, and yet, many are lovable and funny. For instance, the Mad Hatter seems to be one crazy nut, but he is sweet for wanting to spend time with his friends. In addition, this book has its didactic side because it is teaching young readers about finding their identities. The caterpillar asks questions about the self, like: â€Å"Who are you?† (Carroll, 1865, p. 37). This question seems to be about changing sizes for Alice, but it is also about finding out the right size that makes one happy. Finally, this book is most appropriate for those in ages 6 to 12, or in Stage 4, of Erikson’s theory on stages of development because they can relate to the story of finding the self. T hese are the ages when children want to know more about who they are through socialization and building social ties (McLeod, 2013). This book shows them that their friends or environment can help them find out who they are, but, in the end, they have to make that important decision on their own too. In other words, this book teaches children to find themselves and to be happy with that self when they do.

John F. Kennedy †the Speaker Free Essays

string(52) " sent the first man out to space on April 26, 1961\." I choose John F. Kennedy to write about as he epitomizes a great speaker to me. As I learned in class and in reading the textbook, credibility is key for any speaker to be fully respected. We will write a custom essay sample on John F. Kennedy – the Speaker or any similar topic only for you Order Now I believe that John F. Kennedy not only meets this qualification but surpasses it. Over the years I have looked at his speaking methodology and tried to follow his direction in speaking with knowledge, truth, and having the credibility on the subject matter. After being sworn into office, one of the best speeches was given by John F. Kennedy on January 20, 1961. His inauguration speech gripped the whole nation, and it was so powerful that people still quote it to this day. It is one of the greatest speeches of all time that was ever written. The reason so many people remember quotes from this speech word for word is that there is a strong reaction to the pathos, ethos and logos in the people who hear it. John F. Kennedy was the United States’ thirty fifth president. He received his undergraduate degree from Harvard and then entered the Navy. He started out as a reporter before he entered politics. Afterwards he wrote the Pulitzer Prize winning â€Å"Profiles in Courage†. Because Kennedy was the youngest president to take office, he faced much skepticism from his critics. This speech gave him recognition that was positive, although it had many purposes. In order to encourage the public of America to become actively involved with their country is why the inaugural address was written (Goldzwig Dionisopoulos, 1995). Evident throughout John F. Kennedy’s speech is energy that is youthful. Even though he just won a difficult campaign, his focus was not on the policies that contributed to his victory. The objectives he has are shown in powerful appeals to emotion, through establishing a link with the common American citizen. Drawing from his past but focusing on his future, he is able to personalize his speech (Boller, 1967). Kennedy’s words stress his active goal of uniting two divisive camps. He discusses the great responsibilities he carries as a president and worldwide symbol of peace, and toward the end of his speech, he says: â€Å"I do not shrink from this responsibility — I welcome it. His listeners are allowed to hear the strength of this determination from the showing of his persistence as a leader. His stance is that the world can only be bettered by accumulated effort therefore he extends his energies to everyone. When he places the focus on what can be done for the solving of the problem, the activism in his speech can be seen very clearly. H is final aim for peace between debatable forces becomes obvious with his idea to, â€Å"have strong power to eliminate other nations with complete control of every nations. â€Å"Complete† emphasizes the bold diction applied to his speech, and it unites zeugma. He knows that people are afraid of this world, and he represents the boldness to let them know somebody is available that is not scared to have a peace negotiation (Barnes, 2005). Some of Kennedy’s appeals that were the best to the audience were created by the diction that was metaphorical. An example of such use of metaphor is his vow to southern nations â€Å"to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. Here, his metaphor not only clarifies his goal of liberation but emphasizes that freedom means not repeating historical injustices. He speaks of evil tyrants in history stating, â€Å"Those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside,† pla inly illustrating his plans of becoming a moral figure on the international level. Formal diction evokes a sense of national pride, especially by respectfully referring to past Americans as â€Å"forebears. † In the beginning sentence he ingeniously calls upon other citizens and addresses lots of government types. He places the Americans on course with the others spoken about (Heath, 1976). Kennedy does not drag on too long on a point, which is allowed with his use of paragraphs that are short, and some cases paragraphs that are composed of one sentence. His short rhetorical questions, applicable to almost anybody, make his speeches appeal to a great deal of people. A prime example of these short questions is, ‘Will you join us in this historic effort? ‘, which was intended to bring individuals together against a common enemy, but longer and more intricate sentences are more common in this speech. Incongruous remarks such as the famous â€Å"Ask not what your country can do for you-ask what you can do for your country,† are visible all over, and they work well in making his intended points. These sentences are characteristic of his use of parallelism, where he lists many key ideas to make one long sentence (Liebovich, 2001). Kennedy takes advantage of declarative sentences to convey his strength. An example of this includes, â€Å"to those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free,† as well as, â€Å"to those people in huts and villages across the globe. By repeating these declarations, he makes it appear as if he will definitely implement his plan. A good part of his speech is to call people into action. He uses exhortation sentences, such as his mentions of â€Å"let both sides†¦ † that show his collaborative approach. He remains with his active approach with the use of sentences in the imperative; however, the humility shows through in t hese calls to action. He tells citizens to come up, themselves, with ways to help. The use of antithesis in writing is seen through the skillful arrangement of sentences, where he first says what not to do and follows up with a statement of what must take place. He effectively groups ideas together when rhetorically necessary, such as his description of man’s common struggle against, â€Å"tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself. † As Kennedy shows, strong points require firm diction and even occasionally backwards syntax. Soviets sent the first man out to space on April 26, 1961. You read "John F. Kennedy – the Speaker" in category "Papers" This success was used by Khrushchev as prime evidence of the superiority of communism over decadent capitalism. Ashamed, the US worried it was behind the Russians and not winning the race to get into space. After speaking with political types and NASA workers, Kennedy thought the US should bravely go ahead and put a man on the moon. The United States, after this feat, would not only surpass the Soviet Union by far, but, in the words of Neil Armstrong, accomplish â€Å"one giant leap† for humankind’s knowledge of science and space. And by the end of the ’60s, it would be â€Å"mission accomplished. † Kennedy set timeline for its success and was straightforward and strong with his goal that was ambitious. By offering a notable speech imploring Americans to put the effort in to be the first to put a man on the moon, Kennedy contributed a huge force towards the success of this space exploration program goal (Heath, 1976). Kennedy stated,† I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before the decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth. † Kennedy also said, at the time of the Berlin wall problem, â€Å"All free men, wherever they may live, are citizens of Berlin, and therefore as a free man, I take pride in the words: â€Å"Ich bin ein Berliner! (â€Å"I am a Berliner†). Finally, but of equal importance, we can view his speaking and leading talents working, at the Cuban – Missile crisis where U-2 jets discovered that the Soviet Union were quietly giving Cuba missiles. President Kennedy decided to employ a naval blockade (Barnes, 2005). â€Å"All ships of any kind bound for Cuba will, if found t o contain cargo of offensive weapons, be turned back. † The greatest service he made was laying the foundation for passing a civil rights bill that gave all Americans equal rights. For this to be a reality, black America fought very hard. Speeches John F. Kennedy’s knack for the spoken word was unrivalled. His oratorical mastery coupled with a dosage of the Boston accent continues to inspire and influence speechwriters decades later. Kennedy magnificent speeches made interesting watching and listening. The moving speeches that played a central role in his candidacy and eventual presidency were written in team mode by one Ted Sorenson. Ted Sorenson, who was Kennedy’s close advisor, did not work in isolation as he incorporated a team of brilliant writers. Phrases authored by Sorenson captured the imagination of a generation which are highlighted in his book-Counsellor- that looks at the attributes of Kennedy as a communicator. John F. Kennedy’s life was rich with memorable moments that provided fodder for his speechwriters to pen the memorable speeches. Such moments include his heroics in the war front, clinching the senate seat and rising to the presidency. His dazzling speeches gave his ever keen audience the feeling that they knew him. Kennedy had the audience eager and expectant to hear his speech even before he uttered a word. Barrack Obama oratorical abilities are similar to those of John F. Kennedy. Ted Sorenson Legendary speechwriter, Theodore Chaikin â€Å"Ted† Sorensen was born in May 8, 1928. Sorenson, who President Kennedy referred to as an â€Å"intellectual blood bank† is of counsel at the law firm of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton Garrison LLP. Sorensen is synonymous with John F. Kennedy’s speeches, counsel and adviser. He effectively played the role of John F. Kennedy counsel and adviser and most importantly was the architect of his spellbinding speeches. He coined the phrase that exhorted listeners to â€Å"Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country† in Kennedy’s inaugural speech. Sorensen states that although he was pivotal in the composition of the inaugural speech the phrase that became a clarion call of the Kennedy administration was â€Å"written by Kennedy himself† contrary to what many believe. Sorensen’s entry to foreign policy was necessitated after the debacle that was the Bay of Pigs when the President asked him to take part in the discussion. He was handy in resolving the Cuban Missile Crisis, assisting in preparing John F. Kennedy correspondence with Nikita Khruschev. He initially served as a special counsel and advisor in charge of the domestic agenda. Following the assassination of Kennedy, Sorensen helped Lyndon B. Johnson who succeeded John F. Kennedy, in his first few months, according to LBJ memoirs. He authored Lyndon B. Johnson’s maiden speech to the congress and also his state of the union address. He departed to the White House to write John F. Kennedy biography that was published in 1965. The biography that went on to become an international bestseller and was subsequently translated to several languages illuminating the life and times of John F. Kennedy in the White House. A Legacy John F. Kennedy is credited with minimal legislative accomplishment. Although he was the brainchild of the landmark legislation of the civil rights action, he did not live to see it materialize. John F. Kennedy’s aspirations, spirit, lineage, and perceived strengths continue to inspire people across the world and leaders who want to emulate his oratorical skills. Kennedy’s mastery in the art of speaking was helped by the fact that he was not bitter. He would occasionally point for effect. He effectively used these public speaking basics. John F. Kennedy remains a phenomenal even today with politicians from all political spectrum and business leaders across the continent listening to his speech structures and delivery. ? REFERENCES Barnes, J. A. (2005). John F. Kennedy on Leadership: The Lessons and Legacy of a President. New York: AMACOM. Retrieved November 12, 2009, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? =o=111448711 Boller, P. F. (1967). Quotemanship: The Use and Abuse of Quotations for Polemical and Other Purposes. Dallas, TX: Southern Methodist University Press. Retrieved November 12, 2009, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o=10910248 Goldzwig, S. R. , Dionisopoulos, G. N. (1995). In a Perilous Hour: The Public Address of John F. Kennedy. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Retrieved November 12, 2009, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o=35345061 Heath, J. F. (1976). Decade of Disillusionment: The Kennedy-Johnson Years. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. Retrieved November 12, 2009, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o=84371896 Liebovich, L. W. (2001). The Press and the Modern Presidency: Myths and Mindsets from Kennedy to Election 2000. Westport, CT: Praeger. Retrieved November 12, 2009, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o=101157275 Simon Maier and Jeremy Kourdi. (1999). The 100 Insights and lessons from 100 of the greatest speeches ever delivered. Retrieved from: http://www. leadershipexpertise. com/resources/The %20100%20Excerpts. pdf How to cite John F. Kennedy – the Speaker, Papers

Project Management of Samba Parade

Question: Discuss about the Project Management of Samba Parade. Answer: Introduction Project management is the process involving application of skills, knowledge and expertise to achieve objectives of a given project (Young, 2013). Usually any project has particular objectives that it aims at achieving when implemented these are what are used in evaluating the success or failure of any particular project. Just like any other project all deliberations were followed in the Rio carnaval. The most important objective by the participating teams was taking home Brazilians most coveted title. That was the basis of all the preparations undertaken by the participants. Positives of the project: Time One of the most important considerations in any project is the completion within the time frame. Projects are meant to achieve certain objectives within a given time frame (Heldman, 2011). . The first positive with this project is therefore the fact that all the teams were able to make all the preparations within time. Despite the fact that it was strenuous activity for those who were tasked with preparation, they made everything possible including working fifteen hours in a day like Syd, the designer for Vila Samba School. Costumes for all the teams were made just in time for the main event. This also applies to those who were tasked with ensuring adequate lighting and sound systems were put in place and tested in time so that the final project would be a success. Proper cabling and placement of cameras was also done in time to ensure that the most aired show worldwide was aired live by over 1500 media broadcasts. This also applies to the renewing of the Samba parade street by experts. It was also timely done. Budget Budget refers to the funds set aside for a given project. This is an approximation of how money allocated for a given project intends to be used. The budget allocated for a given project must be adequate so that the project of implementation is not derailed. (Stouffer, 2012). This is another positive of the project. All factors were put into considerations. A project requires sufficient budget so that all its implementation is carried out in the given time. There were a number of activities that were involved in the project. These included preparation by individual teams for the competition and preparation of the venue for the competition. As far as individual teams are concerned, the costumes to match their theme had to be prepared. This required adequate resources to pay the labor force and purchase materials. Also preparation of the venue of the competition required adequate funds to be used, from contracting sound engineers, to paying of the people involved in the putting in place lights and cameras. This was effectively achieved so the budget and the budgeting process were appropriate. Negatives of the project Complexity of the project Different projects possess different attributes .Some might be complex in nature while others might be simple and easy to implement. All projects require different degree of effort .Some may be implemented in a in a few days others in a few months while others may take several months. (Berkun, 2008).This project was quite demanding for its planners. They have to work day and night for almost a year to have the project ready in time. Several attributed needed to be considered in the project for the ultimate objectives to be achieved. It had to make people happy, foster unity and togetherness among Brazilians, exemplify different group themes among other expectations. The complexity brings about the need for Moses to bring on board his son and wife so that all factors can be taken care of. Pressure on planners and participants There was so much pressure on the participants .The success of the project depended on how much effort they put in place. With that in mind Participants had to keep practicing for a whole year to make it a success by making sure that they have the best dance so that their audience does not get disappointed.The designers like Syd have to design the most appropriate costumes to ensure that their schools emerge victorious. This was quite an enormous task. Without taking this to account, their performance in the competition is likely to be affected. References: Young, T. L. (2013). Successful project management.Heldman, K. (2011). Project management jumpstart. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Harvard Business Review Press. (2013). HBR's guide to project management. Boston : Harvard Business Review PressBerkun, S. (2008). Making things happen: Mastering project management. Sebastopol, Calif: O'Reilly Media.Stouffer, T. (2012). The only budgeting book you'll ever need. Avon, Mass: Adams Media.

Your friend Dimitri has invited you to his graduat Essays

Your friend Dimitri has invited you to his graduation party. Write an e-mail/letter accepting the invitation and asking what you can do to help. Dear Dimitri, It was great to hear from you. I am sorry I haven't for such a long time. I hope everything is going well for you and your family. You can't imagine my excitement when I was informed about your graduation. Congratulations. Thank you so much for your invitation to your graduation party. I would love to come and help in whatever way possible. Your house has a great garden so I hope the weather will let us to enjoy the party over there. I believe that you should build a lively atmosphere so everyone feels more comfortable. In order to achieve that you should add more flowers, colorful balloons, ribbons and some fireworks. Furthermore concerning food and drinks you could prepare some home-made dishes and have some beverages in the fridge and anyone who is invite could bring desserts and more drinks instead of gifts. Moreover if you want any help with the music I could bring my laptop filled with a big collection of music tracks that can satisfy everyone's taste. Also I would suggest a theme party with dressing code. It would be lighten up the mood if everyone is dressed in a graduation uniform. In addition to the above except your closest friends you should also invite your former classmates and teachers. I'm sure they are the people who understand the most the significance of your achievement. I hope my suggestions will help you with the upcoming party. Give my regards to your family and I am looking forward to seeing you soon. Your friend, George

Destin Brass Case Essays

Destin Brass Case Essays Destin Brass Case Paper Destin Brass Case Paper In the analysis we focus on the company Destine Brass, their competitors have been reducing the price and Destine Brass has not been able follow. We address this issue and by comparing activity based costing with the cost systems they already us ingrain looking for a way in which they can be more competitive on the market. Cover page Table of Content 1. Use the Overhead Cost Activity Analysis in Exhibit 5 and other data on man factoring costs to estimate product costs for valves, pumps, and flow controllers Q. 1 When Activity Based Costing (Hetman, 2010, p. 5) is used to calculate the m monthly cost per nit, two types of costs are distinguished. Firstly the direct costs, consisting of the direct manufacturing costs and the run labor costs, and secondly the indirect costs, consisting of the machine usage costs or depreciation and the overhead costs. These costs allow w us to calculate the monthly cost per unit, see Appendix 1 for the Excel file of the calculati ons. Some minor deviations from the correct cost per unit are possible since the o overhead percentages of the packing and shipping given in Exhibit 5 are rounded off and sum up to 99% instead of 100%. . Compare the estimated costs you calculate to existing standard unit costs ( Exhibit 3) and the revisited unit costs (Exhibit 4). What causes the different product costs Eng methods to produce such different results? The differences in cost can fundamentally be attributed to the difference in AC counting methods. In Exhibit 3 Standard Unit Cost is the applied accounting method. In which all overhead is solely allocated as a percentage of the direct labor cost the (overhead rate), In this case 439%. This overhead rate is determined by dividing the total overhead c cost by the total cost of labor hours. In which the total overhead cost is determined by us miming the sots of machine depreciation, labor, the receiving, materials handling, engine erring, packaging/ shipping, and the cost of maintenance. This percentage is then directly applied to the direct labor cost of each product. Thus albeit not evenly applied d to every product, the overhead cost is proportionately applied to each product in reggae rd to direct labor. Ultimately material cost, direct labor cost, and overhead cost are sum deed up to determine the standard unit cost of each product. Burns, 1 997, exhibit 3) This causes the pumps to appear relatives expensive in comparison to the other products cause this product is relatively labor intense. (Burns, 1997, exhibit 2) Exhibit 4 uses Revised Unit Costs as accounting method. In which the overhear allocated to a material overhead and another overhead base, based on the m aching hours, as well as accounting for the set up labor costs for every run. The mate Arial related overhead is determined by dividing the material related overhead by t he total material costs, generating a material overhead rate in this case of 48%. The to her overhead rate is determined by dividing the total other overhead costs by the total number Of machine ours in this case generating Of $42. 9 per machine hour. This results in much of the costs being allocated to Valves instead of Flow Controller RSI, making the Flow Controllers appear much cheaper . (Burns, 1 997, exhibit 4) Unlike Standard Unit Costs as a method of accounting Revised Unit Costs allow the overhead costs to be allocated with respect to the differences in material intent ones production products and product production heavy in other production asset s. Since valves pumps and flow controllers infant do differ in these regards among 10th errs, their respective revised standard costs and standard unit costs differ. The method we decided to use in question one is called Activity Based Pricing, where we allocate the total overhead based on the different activities In manufacture Eng. When it comes to ABACA costing, costs are assigned different activities which in term are allocated to products. This allows overhead costs to be allocated more directly to differ .NET units. This is where ABACA costing differs from the other costing methods, the overhear ads are allocated proportionately to the cost drivers of each activity cost pool. Thus in Exhibit 5 we can see the level of demand of a specific production activity derived fro m each individual product. Allowing us to accurately allocate the overhead costs. Give n the fact that each of these activities have a different cost rate and that each product r squires proportionately different amounts of handling, receiving, packing and shipping g, engineering and maintenance, the total overhead allocated to each product w ill differ. This allows us to differentiate the overhead costs of for example handling intent enslave products and maintenance intensive products, allowing us not only to see who chi products demand the highest production costs but also how and where in the production process costs are incurred. Which is the case for all production factors and pr ducts in the production process (Hetman, 2010, p. 85). 3. What are the strategic implications of your analysis? What actions would you u recommend to the managers at Destine Brass The strategic implication of our analysis is that the cost of the production can be allocated differently. Destine Brass has not been making enough profit on their pumps, while the competitors have been decreasing their price. (case 1). When you c ampere ABACA with standard and revised costing you see that the ABACA allocates more of costs to the flow machines and less on the pumps and this could be the reason why they had problems to compete on the pump market. And pumps being 55% o f Destine brass revenue while flow controllers 21% of revenue. And also there is almost competition on the flow controllers, Destine raised the price recently with 12% with no apparent effect on demand(CASE 2). Therefore, our first recommendation is t hat they should use the ABACA system for tracing their costs. For Destine brass this would mean having to raise the price on the flow controllers, which is a smaller part of rev menu and less competition and therefore being able to lower the price on the pumps m Nanning they would become more competitive on the pump market. Our sec Although the net income stays the same for Destine Brass, the profit margin of r each product will differ. Although calculations show a slight difference in nominal profitability these did preferences are minute and are due to rounded off numbers and percentages. The new method of allocating cost (Activity Based Costing) allows Destine Bras s to better see the gross margins of each product thus allowing them to make MO re informed decisions on which product to drop and which to invest in ND recommendation is that they should decrease the production run of the FL intercooler 10 per month and the pumps 5 per month to one single run, mea inning that the unit cost will be highly decreased. The third recommendation is that Destine BRB ass should consider is decreasing the amount of transaction of the flow controllers. At the e moment they have 100 transactions, if Destine could redesign their plant and strategy, a ND therefore reduce the transactions, that would mean that their handling and r excelling cost would be decreased.

Final exam case study's answers Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final exam 's answers - Case Study Example The marine project is likely to boost tourism by transforming Queensland into a home of Australia’s largest tourism infrastructure development that will lure both tourists and international investment. Therefore, the research problem in this case study is the feasibility of the Queensland Government Multibillion Marine project, its allied socio-economic benefits, and impacts, especially to the environment and the residents. Purpose statement The purpose of this research is to establish the viability of the Broadwater Marine Project proposed by the Queensland Government and its potential impacts on the tourism and construction sectors, the environment and the livelihoods of the residents adjacent to the Broadwater. Significance of the Research This research is significant because these findings will provide justifiable evidence concerning the viability of the Broadwater Marine project, and its potential impacts on the environment and the residents of the Spit. This information will be useful for all the stakeholders in the Broadway Marine project because it will provide a formidable foundation for planning to maximise the benefits while limiting the impacts on the environment and the residents of the Spit. ... What are some of the socio-economic benefits of the Broadwater Marine Project to both the government and the residents of the Spit? d. What are some of the potential environmental and social impacts of the Broadwater Marine Project? e. How can the social and environmental negative impacts of the Broadwater Marine Project be reduced, and where possible eliminated all together? Q.2 1) The Research Philosophy The research philosophy that best fits the research questions and objectives is Positivism, an ideology that is characterised by hypothesis/theory testing through measurement of observable social realities. According to the positivists, the social world exists objectively and independently, knowledge is viable only is it is based on the observable reality and that universal theoretical models explaining cause-effect relationships are generalizable and can be used to predict outcomes. The research objectives can be best achieved if the research is guided by values of the positivism philosophy such as reason, truth and validity; the research will focus purely on observable facts. The research data will be gathered through direct observation and experience, measured empirically using quantitative methods such as statistical analysis, surveys and experiments. The viability of the Broadwater Marine project, its perceived socio-economic benefits to the Queensland Government and the Spit residents, and its potential environmental and social impacts can be measured empirically. Positivism provides the relevant tools for data gathering i.e. through observation and experience, measuring using quantitative methods- surveys and experiments, and statistical analysis; given the vast scope of this research, it must be

Why is the conviction rate for rape so low in the United Kingdom Dissertation

Why is the conviction rate for rape so low in the United Kingdom - Dissertation Example More often than not, the prosecution and defence parties know each other, making the witness accounts more likely to involve some bias. Despite this, it is suggested that the United Kingdom has some of the best training in the world for officers dealing with rape cases, with a huge number of restrictions and guidelines in relation to these cases. However, the conviction rate for rape still remains extremely low, especially when compared with that of other physical crimes. The Association of Chief Police Officers lead for rape has suggested that this might be because the training is often ignored, perhaps due to the personal nature of rape cases. The purpose of this investigation is to critically review the available literature on the topic to ascertain further reasons why this conviction rate is still so low for cases of rape. This will provide material to evaluate the situation for rape victims (and those falsely accused of rape) in the U.K. and perform a critical reflection on the subject. This material will be used to show that it is the very nature of rape that ensures the conviction rate remains at this low percentage, although changes in procedure may help the proceedings in some cases. Definitions and Types of Rape Perhaps something that makes cases of rape more likely to go unprosecuted is that the definition of rape changes between individuals and between organizational bodies. This could have a number of consequences, not least being that jurors may have differing opinions that make prosecution difficult. The United Nations (UN) definition of rape is ‘sexual intercourse without valid consent’6, which in the United Kingdom includes minors under 16 years of age who are not legally able to give ‘valid consent’. The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that rape is ‘physically forced or otherwise coerced penetration – even if slight – of the vulva or anus, using a penis, other body parts or an objectâ€⠄¢7, again focusing on penetration being the definitive act. Some feel that this is exclusive of those who experience sexual misconduct without penetration. Within the United Kingdom, the Sexual Offences Act 2003 defines rape as an act which can only be carried out by a man, must involve penetration and this man must not reasonably believe that there is consent.8 This is the definition that will be used throughout this essay, as it is useful from a legal context, despite the social issues that it may provoke. Rape & Prosecution Rates in the United Kingdom The Home Office publishes statistics on rape cases, which provide a useful basis for any research on rape in the United Kingdom. The following figures do not include statutory rape; all the cases reported here are by male and female victims aged between 16 and 59. This gives the rate of rape and attempted rate for 2006 as about 0.5% of women in the 16-59 age group, or one in every 200 women9. When cases of attempted rate are exclud ed, the rate remains high at 0.3%. Overall, the best estimate for sexual assault crimes was that it affected It was reported that 53% of cases of serious sexual assault against women were caused by a partner (a complicating factor that will be discussed below), whilst in men the most common

Article Review Week 3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Review Week 3 - Article Example The internet has changed the world forever. The internet sector that has had the deepest profound effect on the social behavior of teenagers is social websites such as Facebook and Twitter. Facebook is the largest social networking website in the world with over 800 million users (Facebook). â€Å"For teenagers who want to stay connected to their friends, social networks provide an ideal platform for communication† (Forbes). Teenagers take advantage of social websites to stay connected with their friends in any location they travel. The author mentioned that teenagers prefer to ride in a car without driving because they can use that time to connect to social websites and communicate with friends. On many instances driving is visualized by teenagers as an unnecessary hassle. Smartphones have become a lifestyle product that teenagers cannot live without. Smartphones provide teenagers with a social reach that cannot be topped by a car since cars take a long time to reach a specific distance. The internet capabilities of a smartphone allow a teenager to reach a person 10,000 miles away in a matter of seconds. Smartphones are also a complementary product to cars because most of them have GPS capabilities that can be used to guide a driver in a trip towards a specific location. The smartphones can also be connected to the car to serve the function of an iPod. The new consumer buying behavior tendencies among the teenage secondary research population must be closely monitored by marketers. The article showed that teenagers are extremely attached to their smartphones. Due to the rise in popularity of smartphones companies must spend part of their marketing budget in mobile advertising technology. The global market for mobile advertising is expected to reach $13 billion by the year 2013 (Plunkett Research). The fact that social websites are so popular among teenagers presents marketers with an opportunity

Encephalitis Is An Infection Of The Brain Biology Essay

Encephalitis Is An Infection Of The Brain Biology Essay Encephalitis is an infection of the brain that cause of irritation and inflammation to the brain Medical Encylopedia, 2012. Primary encephalitis is happened when the infection of the brain or spinal cord. Secondary encephalitis is happened when the infection is started to spread to the whole body and to the brain (Nordqvist, 2009). Encephalitis is a swelling of the brain parenchyma (nervous tissue in brain) that responsible for function of electrochemical communication and the ability of body to send message to different parts (david) http://www.doereport.com/imagescooked/4049W.jpg Goodman (2003) argued that encephalitis is an acute inflammatory disease of the parenchyma of the brain. It is caused by direct viral invasion or hypersensitivity initiated by a virus. Encephalitis is characterized by inflammation primarily in the gray matter of the central nervous system (CNS). Neuronal death can result in edema. There can be damage to the vascular system and inflammation of the arachnoid and pia matter. 1.1.1 Encephalitis http://findlaw.doereport.com/imagescooked/4047W.jpg Debbie Bridges (2012) argue that encephalitis is a swelling of the brain tissue, it will become serious when it can cause change personality, debility and another symptoms with the different part of brain affected. It usually happened to children and elder with low immune system. It is very rare, in U.S, about one in 200,000 people in year. Nordqvist (2009) agreed that encephalitis is acute inflammation of the brain because immune system of the body is too low to attacks viral infection. Fever and headache usually the first symptoms and it become more dangerous like unconsciousness, confusion and coma. The patient will be faced a problem such as behaviour changes, loss of memory, language and speech problem (aphasia) and epilepsy. Arthropod à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ borne (mosquito à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ borne) viruses and herpes simplex (herpes simplex type 1) are the most common that causes encephalitis. Encephalitis is an acute febrile disease usually of viral origin and involves with nervous system (). 1.1.2 Viral Meningoencephalitis According to kumar 2004, viral encephalitis is infection of the brain at parenchymal almost constantly associated with meningoencephalitis (meningeal inflammation) and sometimes with encephalomyelitis (involves spinal cord). 1.2 Anatomy of brain http://healthy-lifestyle.most-effective-solution.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/human-anatomy-brain.jpg Figure Anatomy of the brain http://antranik.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/dura-mater-superior-sagittal-sinus-subdural-space-subarachnoid-space-falx-cerebri-periosteal-meningeal-arachnoid-villus.jpg Figure Layer of meninges The brain is protected by the scalp, the skull and the meninges, cerebrospinal fluid and blood-brain barrier. The structures of brain consists cerebellum, cerebrum, brainstem and pituitary gland. Layer of meninges include the dura mater (strongest layer), arachnoid mater) and pia mater (nearest to the brain). (Stephen n all 2010). Antranik (2011) states that meninges are surround the brain and protect the brain itself. The function meninges is cover and protect the blood vessel that supply at brain and contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between the pia mater and arachnoid mater. Dura mater consists periosteal and meningeal at immediately deep to the poriosteum. Tortora (2009) notes that the function of the blood- brain barrier (BBB) is to protect the brain from harmful substances and pathogens by prevent it enter brain through blood. The function of CSF is protecting the brain and spinal cord from chemical and physical injury. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. Each area of cerebrum is the most important function for example controls movement and languages. The function of cerebellum is control coordination and movement. Function of brainstem is control involuntary functions such as blood pressure, temperature and breathing movement. The structure that controls of the endocrine gland is pituitary gland (Stephen 2010) 1.3 Type of Encephalitis Western equine encephalitis is arboviral infection that spread by mosquitoes which more occur in summer and most common in young children. St. Louis encephalitis is more usually at United States and affected older person. It is more seriously than younger person. West Nile fever is a form of encephalitis that caused by falvivirus, spread by mosquitoes with certain birds as an intermediate host. Encephalitis has spread from northeastern United States. Neuroborreliosis (lyme disease) is due by a spirochete, transmitted by tick bites in summer season. The part of the tick bite is red with a pale center and gradually increasing size. Herpes simplex encephalitis is arising from spread of herpes simplex virus type 1 from the trigeminal nerve ganglion. It is occurs occasionally and dangerous. This encephalitis can cause extensive necrosis and haemorrhage in the brain and usually involves the frontal and temporal lobes figures .. http://neuropathology-web.org/chapter5/images5/5-hsvl.jpg Figure heamorrhagic necrosis of the temporal and frontal lobe in adult Herpes Simplex Virus encephalitis. CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Causes encephalitis Figure 2 a herpes simplex virus the most common cause encephalitis. Viral infection is the cause that affects the encephalitis. Encephalitis may be cause with different type of viruses. Herpes simplex virus is the main cause of severe cases in all ages including newborns. The person will get this virus from an infected person through breathing in respiratory droplets and skin contact. It can also through by insect bites like a mosquito and contaminated food or drink. Arbovirus encephalitis is a viral encephalitis that carried by insect (mosquito and ticks). It is rare condition where severe case more likely is happened to young children and elderly. Picture of Culex mosquito laying eggs Figure Culex mosquito laying eggs Picture of arbovirus transmission cycle It also may cause by a vaccine such as rubella, mumps and measles (Kathryn Sue 1994). Adenovirus, coxsackievirus. Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus and Echovirus are also associated with encephalitis. A number of viruses for which there is now a vaccine may also cause encephalitis. These include meales, mumps, polio, rabies, rubella, varicella (chickenpox). Other causes of encephalitis may be occurring by an allergic reaction to vaccinations, autoimmune disease, bacteria (lyme disease and tuberculosis) and the effects of cancer. According to (Christian Nordiqst ) the causes of encephalitis can be category by two which are primary (infectious) encephalitis and secondary (post infectious) encephalitis. For primary encephalitis, there are three main categories of viruses which are common viruses (herpes simplex virus) , childhood viruses (measles ,mumps), and arboviruses. Secondary encephalitis can be caused by a complication of viral infection. 2.2 Incidence 2.2.1 Incidence Encephalitis in Malaysia In September 1998, an epidemic of severe fever encephalitis among pig farmers was first reported in the state of Perak Malaysia that was associated with high rate mortality. At first death were thought by Japanese encephalitis (JE) that is endemic in Malaysia and occur occasionally. However, characteristic of JE is different to these cases. A few cases patients were young children and most of the cases happened to men that have worked with pigs. Whereas, JE is mosquito borne that most common among young children and has no associated with particular occupation. JE was eliminated from possibility JE was the cause due to illness and deaths among infected pigs. By February 1999, similar disease were happened in pigs and humans in other area in Malaysia. 2.2.2 Incidence Encephalitis in Overseas Different viruses will occur in different locations. Many cases will tend to cluster in a certain season. According to Kathryn Sue (1994) the arthropod à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬borne occurs in epidemics with different incidence like as geographic and seasonal incidence (table). Eastern equine encephalitis is the least common of encephalitis but is the most serious encephalitis. table Viral encephalitis Type Geographic incidence Seasonal incidence Arthropod- borne : Eastern equine encephalitis Eastern United States Autumn Western equine encephalitis Uniform distribution, throughout the United States Summer and early fall St. Louis encephalitis Widespread distribution , in the far west occur in rural area, elsewhere in urban areas Late summer Venezuelan equine encephalitis Sourthwestern united States Year round California virus encephalitis Midwestern states Early fall Herpes simplex encephalitis No particular geographic distribution No seasonal incidence Poliovirus poliomyelitis Sporadic distribution where nonimmunized persons cluster Summer and ealy fall Rabies Sporadic distribution throughout the United States Bites more common in the late spring and throughout the early fall DISEASE GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION VECTOR/ HOSTS Herpes encephalitis United states / the world Human to human contact West Nile encephalitis Africa, West Asia, Middle East, United States Mosquito / mostly birds Eastern equine encephalitis East Coast (from Massachussetts to Florida), Gulf Coast Mosquito / birds Western equine encephalitis Western United States and Canada Mosquito / birds Venezuelan equine encephalitis Western Hemisphere Mosquito / rodents La Crosse encephalitis United States (Midwestern Southeastern) Mosquito / chipmunks, squirrels St. Louis encephalitis Milwestern mid- Atlantic United States Mosquito/ birds Japanese encephalitis Temperate Asia, southern and southeastern Asia Mosquito/ birds and pigs Picture of worldwide distribution of major arboviral encephalitides Figure worldwide distribution and arbovirus transmission cycle. 2.3 Mortality/morbidity Encephalitis may be a mild infectious disease to a severe disorder that is life-threatening. The dramatic clinical manifestations of encephalitis are fever delirium or confusion progressing to unconsciousness, seizure activity cranial nerve palsies, paresis and paralysis, involuntary movement and abnormal reflexes. Signs of marked intracranial pressure may be present, 2.3.1 Mortality Charles Patrick 2012 argued that the certain of patients with encephalitis the death rate can be high. The death rates of St. Louis encephalitis can up to 30% of the cases. For Japanese encephalitis, the range death rate is from 0.3% to 60% of the people infected usually within the first week of illness and herpes encephalitis, 50%-755 of people die within 18 months. In contrast, it can increase survival up 90% when treatment by acyclovir (Zovirax). 2.3.2 Morbidity According to james nina 2004. Survival rates are due to the etiology of the disease. In some cases it can be fatal. In USA, according to Centers for Disease Controls and Prevention), encephalitis most occur in children, elderly people and individuals have weakened immune systems approximately in 0.5 in every 100,000 individuals. Besides that, in UK the National Health Service (NHS) places a figure at 1.5 cases per 100,000 people. ( Christian Nordqist 2009) 2.4 Signs and Symptoms 2.4.1 Symptoms of Encephalitis Before encephalitis begins, some patients will feel cold or stomach infection. For the case of encephalitis is not very severe, the symptoms may be similar with other disease such as fever (not very high), mild headache, low energy and poor appetite. For other symptom is confusion, drowsiness, light sensitivity, vomiting, irritability or poor temper control. (encephalitis , 2012) According to Christian norqist 2009, symptom for less common severe in encephalitis is the patients will experience stiff neck and back (occasionally). There also can be stiffness of the limbs, slow movement and clumsiness. The patient will also have cough and feels drowsy. For the more severe cases, the patients experience severe headaches, nausea, vomiting, confusion, memory loss, hearing problems, hallucination, seizures and possibly coma. The patient will be become aggressive for some cases. (christain norqist 2009). Symptoms of encephalitis in infants and newborns may be difficult to recognize. The parent or guardian should be alert of baby crying more than often (there will become worse when the baby is picked up and comforted). Besides that, the parent should be look out of vomiting, soft spot on the top of the head (frontal) may bulge out more. Other symptoms are includes body stiffness and poor feeding. (christain norqist 2009). For emergency symptoms in encephalitis is the patients will loss of consciousness, poor responsiveness, coma, muscle weakness, seizures, severe headache, and sudden change in mental functions which are amnesia, lack of mood, impaired of judgement inability to make decision and less interest in daily activities. (encephalitis 2012) 2.4.2 Signs of Encephalitis Signs of encephalitis may be show muscle weakness, speech problem, skin rash, mouth ulcers, mental confusion and neck stiffness. Other than that, signs of encephalitis are abnormal reflexes and increased intracranial pressure. Table Summary of symptoms Symptoms of encephalitis Less severe More severe In newborn and young infants Mild headache Fever Poor appetite Light sensitivity Vomiting Disorientation Stiff neck and back Severe headache Nausea Vomiting Confusion Memory loss Speech problem Hallucination Seizures coma body stiffness poor feeding Bulging soft spots on the top head table Summary signs of encephalitis Signs of encephalitis Muscle weakness Mouth ulcers Neck stiffness Skin rash Speech problem Abnormal reflexes Increased intracranial pressure Mental confusion 2.5 Pathophysiology The virus causes inflammation of brain tissue. The brain tissue swells (cerebral edema), which may destroy nerve cells, cause bleeding in the brain (intracerebral haemorrhage), and brain damage. When the virus spread by haematogenous (via bloodstream) like example rabies virus, it replicates outside the CNS and enter in the CNS. Since the virus through the blood- brain barrier t virus enter neural cells. These will result disruption of cell functioning, perivascular congestion, haemorrhage and a diffuse inflammatory response that disproportionately affects gray matters over white matter. Certain virus depend to neuron cell membrane preceptors that only found in specific parts of the brain like example Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) more likely causes haemorrhage necrotic encephalitis with predilection for the limbic system, inferior and medial temporal lobes. (David) According to james nina 2004, individuals who obtain encephalitis more frequently develop permanent neurologic disabilities. This condition is more serious than meningitis. This is happened when the viral infection produce in cerebral edema with numerous hemorrhagic spots scattered throughout the cerebral hemispheres, brainstem and cerebellum. 2.6 Histopathology 2.6.1 Arthropod- Borne Viral Encephalitis CHAPTER THREE IMAGING MODALITIES 3.1 Computer Tomography (CT scan) Computer Tomography is the combination of computer technology and x-rays as a result two dimensional images of organ, bones and tissues. To detect sign of encephalitis or inflammation of the meninges, usually procedure with contrast is required. The contrast is injected into bloodstream to more differentiate tissues in the brain. (national institude of neurological disorder and stroke 2011) Mahesh (2011) states that in adult, encephalitis in CT scans visualize hypodensity in the temporal lobe either bilaterally or unilaterally. It also involves with or without frontal lobe. 3.2 Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) MRI is use strong magnet and computer- generates radio waves to produce more detail images of body structures which are tissues, bones, organs and nerves. MRI is better than CT scan which is give more clearly picture that can help to recognize brain and spinal cord inflammation. Infection, tumors, eye disease and blood vessel irregularities that can be stroke. The images that require more detail, a contrast may be injected. (national institude of neurological disorder and stroke 2011) 3.3 Electroencephalography (EEG) EEG is use by monitoring electrical activity in the brain through the skull to detect abnormal brain waves. The function of EEG is to help diagnose certain seizure disorder, specific viral infection, for example herpes virus and inflammation of the brain or spinal cord. (national institude of neurological disorder and stroke 2011) 3.4 Ultrasonography Mahesh (2011) states that the role of ultrasonography in detects herpes encephalitis are limited. This is because it limited to identify the periventicular destructive process in neonatal evaluation ultrasonogaphy. Ultrasound showing a good near field but less far field resolution (Cranial Ultrsonography in Neonates 2010) . According to (james nina , 2004) MRI is precious diagnosis because it can detect brain inflammation earlier than Computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, nuclear medicine studies, or EEG evaluation. Other anomalies such as a brain abscess or subdural emphysema or hematoma that mimics the clinical sign of viral encephalitis can be rule out by MR. 3.5 Nuclear Imaging CHAPTER FOUR IMAGES OF FEATURES OF PATHOLOGY 4.1 Computed Tomography (CT Scan) http://www.mypacs.net/repos/mpv3_repo/viz/full/0/38/120/39969726.jpghttp://www.mypacs.net/repos/mpv3_repo/viz/full/0/38/120/39969721.jpg Figure shows 30 years old men that have AIDS, presenting with left facial palsy. Figure (a) shows CT scan non contrast as a result a isodence lesion in the right basal ganglia, surrounded by hypodense edema and mass effect. Figure (b) shows CT with contrast that represent a ring- enchancing lesion in the right basal ganglia that surrounded by edema. ( Antonio, 2011) a b http://www.pediatriconcall.com/fordoctor/diseasesandcondition/pediatric_emergencies/IMAGE/v7c09a%5B1%5D.jpg Figure (a) show some hypodensity in the thalami and temporal lobes without contrast, indicative of bilateral cortical and subcortical edema. Figure (b) shows there is meningeal enhancement at the margins of abnormal parenchymas as well as mild central enhancement after IV contrast is injected. There is no evidence of herniation. a bImage of encephalitis Figure 4.1 (a) is a CT scan of a normal brain. Figure 4.1 (b) shows contrast materials have accumulate in infected areas and around the brain from encephalitis. (Paul 2011) 4.2 MRI Imaging http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Hsv_encephalitis.jpg/230px-Hsv_encephalitis.jpg Figure 4.2 high signals in the temporal lobes including hippocampal formations and parahippogampal grae, insulae and right inferior gyrus by using coronal T2- weighted MR. http://images.radiopaedia.org/images/539441/ea09c9c0186c85af7c888a031e559c_gallery.jpg Figure shows that MRI demonstrates extensive oedema in the right temporal lobes with areas of intrinsic high T1 signal, in keeping with haemorrhage. Axial proton densityà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬weighted image in a 62-year-o Figure shows 62 years old woman with confusion and herpes encephalitis with axial proton density- weight image. It demonstrates T2 hyperintensity involving the right temporal lobe. 4.3 Ultrosonography Full-size image (20 K) Figure demonstrate coronol ultrasound scan at the level of the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles. It performed with phased array transducer. It is shows mildly dilated frontal horns and bilateral grade 1 intraventricular hemorrhage (arrows). CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSION 5.1 Difference Encephalitis and Meningitis Encephalitis is the dangerous than meningitis because the person that has encephalitis is more develop to permanent neurologic disabilities. According to james nina 2004, meningitis is an inflammation of the meningeal that covering the brain and spinal cord. Bacteria, viruses or other organisms that reach the meninges are the causes of meningitis. This can be happened in elsewhere in the body by blood or lymph as a result from trauma and penetrating wounds, or from adjacent structures that become infected. Most common that cause meningitis is bacterial infection. Kathryn sue 1994 states that meningitis is infection of meninges that causes by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites and other toxins. This infection can be classified to acute, subacute and chronic. The pathophysiology, treatment and clinical manifestation are different for each type of organism. Bacterial meningitis is a primary of an infection of the pia mater and arachnoid, the subarachnoid space, the ventricular system and the CFS (kathyn sue 1994). The types of bacteria that carry for acute bacterial meningitis are meningococci, streptococci, and pneumocci. Middle ear or frontal sinus is responsible that carried the bacteria to meninges. The most common meningitis in children is meningococcal, the most common meningitis in adult is pneumococcal and streptococcal meningitis is the most common in young children. CHAPTER SIX TREATMENT 6.1 Treatment The objective of treatment is to help the human body to fight the infection and relieve symptoms with give supportive care like example rest, nutrition, and fluids. Antibiotics will give to patients if the infection is caused by bacteria (certain bacteria) and antiviral medication (acyclovir and foscarnet) to treat herpes encephalitis or the severe viral infection. Anti seizure medication ( phenytoin) will be given to prevent seizures. (encephalitis 2012) Mayo 2011 states that treatment for mild cases include bed rest, drinking plenty of fluid and anti- inflammatory drugs such as acetaminophen to relieve fever and headache. For more severe cases of encephalitis can be category into three treatment which are Antiviral drugs, supportive care and follow up therapy. 6.1.1 Antiviral drugs Acylovir and Ganciclovir are antiviral drugs that common used to treat encephalitis but it is not responding for some viruses such as insect-borne viruses. This drug also can be very effective to treat herpes simplex virus. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pain of muscle or joint and loss of appetite are the side effect for the antiviral drugs. Abnormalities in kidney or liver function are rare serious problem (Mayo 2011) 6.1.2 Supportive Care For severe encephalitis, additional supportive care also be needed in the hospital. This is including breathing assistance as monitor heart function and breathing, intravenous fluids is to ensure that appropriate levels of essential minerals and proper hydration. Anti- inflammatory also be given to help reduce pressure and swelling within the skull such as corticosteroids. Patient that have seizures or to prevent seizure, anticonvulsant medicine such as phenytoin is given (Mayo 2011). 6.1.3 Follow up therapy Follow up therapy is depending to the type or severity of complication. This therapy includes physical therapy which is to help improve flexibility, strength, motor coordination and balance. Occupational therapy is to use adaptive products that help with everyday activities and develop everyday skills. Patient that have speech problem, speech therapy can be help to relearn muscle control and coordination. Psychotherapy is learning how to be coping strategies and have new behavioural skills that can improve personality changes and mood disorder (Mayo 2011). 6.2 Diagnosis According to National Institute of Neurological disorders and stroke (2011), the doctor may diagnostic tests to confirm the presence of inflammation and infection by following a physical exam and medical history to looking activities of the past several days such as patient have bite by animal or insects or any contact with ill persons. The patients may perform a neurological examination, laboratory screening of blood, urine and body sections and analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid. A neurological examination is to assess nerve function, coordination and balance, mental status, changes in behaviour and function of motor and sensory. Usually, the doctor use small light, reflex hammer to test of strength and sensation or nervous system. Laboratory screening of blood, urine and body secretions is use to determine the presence of antibodies and foreign body that can detect and recognize brain and spinal cord inflammation and infection. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid is the procedure that known as lumbar puncture. The procedure of lumbar puncture is special needle is inserted into the lower back and then a small of amount of cerebrospinal fluids is removed. CHAPTER SEVEN PROGNOSIS 7.1 Expectations Usually, outcome of encephalitis is depend on what infection involves, the severity of illness, how quickly time treatment is given. Patient with very mild encephalitis most of them can make a full recovery, although the process treatment may be slow. The patient can be recovering in 2-4 weeks for patient have experience only fever, body stiffness and headache. For the severe cases, the patient may be have problem with hearing, speech, blindness, behaviour changes, seizures, memory loss, muscle weakness, and cognitive disabilities. Long-term therapy, medication and supportive care may be required for these patients. (national institude of neurological disorder and stroke 2011) Goodman (2003) notes that patient who may have been ill at the onset , their rate recovery range from 10% to 50%. The patients have mumps meningoencephalitis and Venezuelan equine encephalitis have an excellent expectation. Other encephalitis that have moderate to good rate of survival are western equine, St. Louis and California encephalitis. Herpes simplex encephalitis has a moderately good outcome, 50% of person neurologic disorder and 20% mortality. With similar infections, young children more take longer recover than adults. In infants, permanent cerebral sequelae are occurred. 7.2 Prevention Christian Nordqist (2009) found that the effectives way to reduced risk to get encephalitis by keeping up to date with vaccines. Other than that, take measures to reduce the risk being bitten in area to have mosquito that carry virus encephalitis. For example, keep house mosquito free, wearing appropriate clothing, do not go mosquito infested area, using insect repellent, avoid go outside at specific time where there a lot of mosquito, for example at night and make sure there are no stagnant water in house. Beside that, encephalitis can be prevented by avoid sharing food, glasses or other object that have be exposed from infected person. Good personal hygiene also can reduce risk to get disease from infected person. Wash hand frequently with soap and rinse under running water ( National Institude of Neurologic Disorder and Stroke 2011). CHAPTER EIGHT CONCLUSION

The Watergate Scandal :: President Richard Nixon

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seems as if from the moment he was born, Alexander the Great was destined for extraordinary power. On July twentieth, 356 BC., Olympius and King Philip the Second of Macedonia, gave birth to a son and named him Alexander. The actual date of his birth still lies in question though but July twentieth seems to be the most widely accepted one. Alexander developed into quite an individual. He was a very generous man who demonstrated extreme loyalty toward his friends, though at the same time he was very cautious and smart. His great character and values were two of the things that made Alexander the Great a significant individual in history. Another, of course, being that he conquered a very large amount of territory in a relatively short amount of time. His empire seemed to promise a newer, brighter age in which the nations of the world could join together as equals. Through conquering Asia and India, defeating King Darius of Persia, and establishing different col onies, Alexander proved his magnificence. Arguably, there is no other leader in history who could inspire and motivate his men like Alexander the Great did.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Alexander was a child, he would at times get discouraged when news came home that his father had conquered another territory. This was because he was worried that there would be nothing left for him to do. Alexander grew up around his father's army for a good portion of his childhood and by the time he was thirteen, he was quite mature. Alexander's maturity is illustrated through a famous story. His father had just bought a beautiful horse named Bucephalus. Much to Philip's disappointment, no one he knew could ride it. Just about to get rid of it, Alexander decided to make a wager on whether or not he could ride it. Alexander calmly approached the horse and found that the horse was afraid of its own shadow. Thinking, Alexander faced it toward the sun to keep the shadow behind it, got on Bucephalus and rode him. Alexander got to keep Bucephalus and later rode the same horse all the way to India. When the horse died there, Alexander founded a city and named it Bucephala after his beloved horse. Alexander's parents wanted the best for their son, so they hired the best tutors around to give him a good education. When Alexander reached thirteen, he began learning from Aristotle.

Of Mice and Men †What happens after the close of the novel? Essay

The late summer sky was lit with the shimmering tones of the burnt amber sun, enclosed in a vivid colour palette of sunset. The colours blended and twisted to form a ceiling to the wide open canyon where George and Slim sat surrounded by crimson and brown vegetation. The empty silence was broken by the slight sound of a gentle wind echoing through the canyon along with the scuttling of a bottle green lizard exploring the small sandy dunes. The air was a muggy damp air that was more like steam or fog. As George looked over the vast dunes, he could see the cloudy distance through the fog and couldn’t help but feel pessimistic about the future which lie ahead of him. Slim on the other hand was ready to go and trying to get George on his feet, George felt a sharp pull on his arm and stumbled to his feet. As they walked their feet disturbed small clusters of sand which consequently left a light trail behind them. Since the last rest they had been moving for about seven hours, they had seen the just awoken sun rise up out of morning clouds. They advanced through the desert scene and then they noticed. † George †¦ How full is you water canister? â€Å" † ’bout a half, what about your’s† † I got none left George.† † Here, have some of mine† George passed his water canister to Slim. Slim reached out to take it. Sloosh! Slims palm was hot and stiff and he had not taken a proper grip on the canister. It fell to the ground its content cascading out onto the sandy floor. The dry ground sucked up the moisture. George and Slim scrambled to the floor, wracked at the sand in a hope to find some water but it was all gone. † I.. I’m sorry George I .. I just didn’t grip it tight enough.† † s’ok Slim, I wasn’t your fault.† So the two thirsty, dehydrated men set off searching for a source of water. The sun was getting hotter and hotter, and Slim and George were getting weaker and weaker. Suddenly George felt a burst, he had seen something in the distance. † SLIM SLIM!† â€Å"What, What is it George?† â€Å"Over there in the distance, can you see it. It’s a pool.† â€Å"I see it, I see it. We’re saved.† Slim and George scrambled across the sand like small excited kittens. George hurriedly got there first and jumped in. He landed flat on the same ground he had seen for the past seventeen days. There was no pool. No water. It was all a figment of the imagination. Slim, confused, walked over to George’s side. â€Å"Are you alright George?†¦ What happened?† â€Å"I dunno, one second there was a pool, then I was on the sand.† â€Å"But I could see it, so where’d it go?† † It wasn’t real. The heat is playing with our minds.† â€Å"We Haven’t eaten in days.† † I know. We need to find some water.† † Wait George. What’s that up ahead?† â€Å"It’s nothing’ . Remember we’re seeing things that aren’t actually there. It’s all in our minds.† Further along the road was an inn. But George and Slim thinking it wasn’t real continued there journey in the other direction. After a while the food supply was also coming to an end. George and Slim were eating more and more every day in a hope that they would have enough energy to reach a ranch or an inn. They sat down in a silence, Neither having enough energy to speak. Eventually they fell asleep on the warm blanket-like floor of the desert. The sand was soft and comforted them as they slept. It was not until the heat became unbearable the next day they awoke. † Slim†¦ Slim. Come on it’s time to go. We have to find water†¦ Slim?† † I can’t George. I†¦ I’ve got no fight left in me.† † Sure you do. Were bound to find somewhere today.† † You go George.† † I’m not going alone Slim. Not after what happened with Lennie. I’ll go and get help.† George got to his feet and started a paced walk. Hat he hadn’t realised was that he was walking the way they had already come the day before. Three hours later George had made little progress. He had not found anywhere that could help or anyone who could assist them. Slowly he squinted into the distance. What is that he thought. It was the inn he had imagined the day before. It’s not real he said to himself in a firm way as to not get his own hopes high. He walked on toward it none the less. As he got closer he could smell soup and ale. He approached the building and reached out to touch it. He could feel the rough grain of the wood beneath his hand. His dry sin touching the inn. He ran inside. † Please, my friend is further out, we ran out of food and water. Can you help him?† â€Å"Sure, I have a sand cart do remember which direction you came?† â€Å"I think so.† â€Å"Alright let’s go.† George instructed the innkeeper to where Slim was laying half-covered by sand. His body was tired and weak. George got Slim onto the spare seat and the innkeeper took them back to the inn and accommodated them with rooms, and told them when Slim was rested there were a few jobs that needed doing around the inn. George ad Slim set about doing them as soon as they could. Instead of being paid in money they were paid in supply’s such a food, water and transportation. Slim and George left the inn after three weeks and went on there way. The innkeeper told them he would always welcome them if they were ever passing. George said † I don’t think we’ll be passing here for a while.† † Well ok, but remember if your ever around.† † Thanks. For all of your help.† George and Slim were on their journey once more. They hoped to find some work on a ranch about eighty miles away the innkeeper told them about. As they were walking Slim said † Thanks George.† † For what?† † Helping’ me† † That’s what travelling partners do. We look out for each other.† † Well, Thanks again.†

Dbq 10 Reconstruction: Us History Essay

There were many plus sides to the Civil War. Those plus sides were the abolishment of slavery, secession was refuted, and there was supremacy of national government. Yet, there was one difficulty which was that the Union had the challenge of figuring out what to do with free slaves. In 1867, Congress took control of Reconstruction to establish and protect citizenship rights. Congress had succeeded in many ways like having the Southern states ratify the Fourteenth Amendment to rid the military forces. But, by 1877 the Reconstruction had ended, all the work done failed, and everything reversed. Congress’ Reconstruction efforts to have equal rights for freedmen failed because the Ku Klux Klan intervened in wrong ways, freedmen were convinced to stop their actions, and editorial advocating was used as propaganda against freedmen. The Ku Klux Klan (or KKK) was, and still is in some areas, a secret organization that used terrorist tactics in an attempt to restore white supremacy in Southern states. In document two, General Thomas discusses the KKK. The purpose of the KKK was to get rid of any African Americans so the whites could hold power. They even killed those who supported the African Americans, meaning the killed whites also. They would do anything in their power to hold the power they had. They had undermined Congress’ efforts for equal rights to all by doing exactly what they did. They would go around threatening people, burned houses down, burned crosses in lawns, and of course killed any Africans. That’s not what Congress wanted. They wanted everyone to have equal treatment. The African Americans did have much to be able to stop being invaded. If they did, they would have been killed anyway. In document four, Atlanta News uses editorial advocating as propaganda. First off, editorial advocating is when the editorial representative of a newspaper or social media comes to an event in favor of a cause, or idea, and uses their position on it to further that cause. In the document the speaker states his view on the African Americans in the South. He wants the Northerners to go to the South and organize a way to rid the African’s of their rights. Many Northerners tried to convince freedmen to stop voting. Also, they tried to stop them from taking part in politics. Dr. W. E. B. DuBois was an African American Historian and wrote a book about this. Document six is a excerpt of that book. The Northerners told the Southerners if they wanted a job they needed to keep their noses out of politics and if they wanted to be apart of politics well they better not have expected a job. Basically, shut up and stay quiet. Either way, they couldn’t win. The African American didn’t have an easy life once Reconstruction ended. Everything Congress worked for reversed and the Northerners thought they had more power. Reconstruction failed for many reasons meanwhile it was supposed to be a rebuilding after the Civil War. Like many things that go on, everything doesn’t always go as planned.

Free Essays on The Story Of An Hour (Mrs.Mallards Character)

Socrates, a Greek philosopher once said: â€Å"Each one must know himself.† Unfortunately, most of us are not aware of our true character. Social conventions are the main cause making us repress what we really think and feel. Only when unexpected events happen, we do have an opportunity to take a close look at our hidden â€Å"self.†Ã¢â‚¬ The Story of An Hour† by Kate Chopin reflects the dramatic development process of Mrs.Mallard’s character through the death of her husband; it demonstrates that the true identity cannot be sheltered forever. At the beginning of the story, the author describes Mrs.Mallard as a woman having the distinctive trait of self-assertion which is constrained by her marriage. She seems to be the â€Å"victim† of an overbearing but occasionally loving husband. Being told of her husband’s death, â€Å"She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same, with a paralyzed inablity to accept its significance.† This shows that she is not totally locked into marriage as most women in her time. Although â€Å"she had loved himsometimes,† she unconsciously does not want to accept blindly the situation of being controlled by her husband. Mrs.Mallard is not a one-dimentional, clone-like woman having an expected, acceptable emotional response for every life condition. Mrs.Mallard’s rather uncommon reaction to the news of Mr.Brently Mallard’s death logically foreshadows the complete revelation of her suppressed longing for freedom. Being alone in her room â€Å"When the storm of grief† is over, she experiences â€Å"something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name.† Finally, she recognizes the freedom she has desired for a long time and it overcomes her sorrow: †Free! Body and soul free! She kept whispering.† In her soul, the dark clouds are disappearing because she is illuminated. All the memories of her husband a... Free Essays on The Story Of An Hour (Mrs.Mallard's Character) Free Essays on The Story Of An Hour (Mrs.Mallard's Character) Socrates, a Greek philosopher once said: â€Å"Each one must know himself.† Unfortunately, most of us are not aware of our true character. Social conventions are the main cause making us repress what we really think and feel. Only when unexpected events happen, we do have an opportunity to take a close look at our hidden â€Å"self.†Ã¢â‚¬ The Story of An Hour† by Kate Chopin reflects the dramatic development process of Mrs.Mallard’s character through the death of her husband; it demonstrates that the true identity cannot be sheltered forever. At the beginning of the story, the author describes Mrs.Mallard as a woman having the distinctive trait of self-assertion which is constrained by her marriage. She seems to be the â€Å"victim† of an overbearing but occasionally loving husband. Being told of her husband’s death, â€Å"She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same, with a paralyzed inablity to accept its significance.† This shows that she is not totally locked into marriage as most women in her time. Although â€Å"she had loved himsometimes,† she unconsciously does not want to accept blindly the situation of being controlled by her husband. Mrs.Mallard is not a one-dimentional, clone-like woman having an expected, acceptable emotional response for every life condition. Mrs.Mallard’s rather uncommon reaction to the news of Mr.Brently Mallard’s death logically foreshadows the complete revelation of her suppressed longing for freedom. Being alone in her room â€Å"When the storm of grief† is over, she experiences â€Å"something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name.† Finally, she recognizes the freedom she has desired for a long time and it overcomes her sorrow: †Free! Body and soul free! She kept whispering.† In her soul, the dark clouds are disappearing because she is illuminated. All the memories of her husband a...

Immunology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Immunology - Essay Example 006) Researches have also made it clear that cats living in urban areas (40%) are more likely to be infected than the ones living in rural areas(6%) (Little, 2006) The FeLV virus is a fragile virus and can survive for only two hours in a dry environment and 48 hours in damp and moist surroundings. Though it is contagious, it can only be transmitted among cats; it cannot potentially infect humans. Within cats, it is transmitted via intimate moist contact through licking, biting, grooming or eating from the same source. It can also be transmitted through urine, feces and milk. It is also transmitted from an infected mother to her new born kitten (Hoover & Mullins, 1991) It is usually categorised in the following four classes- FeLV A, B, C and T. Out of these, only FeLV A is transmissible among cats, while the others arise de novo. While FeLV A causes severe immunosuppression, FeLV B and C cause neoplastic diseases and anemia respectively (Poulet et al,2003) Once a cat is exposed to the virus, there are four possible consequences, depending on the response of the immune system. In about 30% of the cats, the virus evokes a strong immune response, which in turn extinguishes the virus. In another 30% the cats’ immune system does not produce an immediate immune reaction. At the same time though, the virus does not manifest its potential effects. It resides safely in a dormant state in the cats’ bone marrow. It might express itself later or may remain dormant forever. In the remaining 40% of the cats, the virus is successful and the cats become infected. (Hoover, Mullins, 1991) Once the virus actively infects a cat, it can have hazardous effects. It can lead to cancerous diseases like leukemia and lymphosarcoma. It also leads to a generalized suppression of the immune system, and may also cause reproductive ailments. Besides these, it also damages the liver and intestine, and is also capable of causing blood infections (Little,2006) A few tests have been devised

Forest Labs Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Forest Labs Case - Essay Example The new profits earned through the sales of Celexa were used by Solomon for the expansion of the company; he licensed several other drugs from pharmaceutical companies of Europe. However, Solomon has been accused of excessive marketing and the expansion of Forest is deemed as dangerous for other companies. Also, the profits made by Forest Labs over such a short span of time are unreasonable high. The previous year Solomon earned $8.3 million as the CEO of the company. However, it was found out that the Marketing Department had been marketing the earlier named antidepressants to adolescents and children, and that too illegally, although these drugs are not suitable for them. Hence, the Obama Administration decided to oust Howard Solomon from doing further business. Solomon agreed to pay a fine of $313 million for resolving the issue (Hooper and Henderson). In my opinion, the decision taken by the Government was ethical. This is because several pharmaceutical companies have been allege d of conducting business unethically in the past, but none of the charges or penalties levied against them seemed to have a deterrent effect on their business. Ousting a companies' CEO for conducting such activities should definitely bring out the desired effect as he would make efforts to correct the mal-practices prevalent in his company. There is always a counter argument which states that only ousting a CEO would not prevent the company from putting an end to its illegitimate practices; one should rather take a serious action against the entire marketing department which can directly be blamed for the offense. But, being the CEO of the company, the Government has full rights to hold Howard Solomon accountable for all the mal-practices going on within his company. The company shall also be fined a very heavy sum which is equivalent to the amount of sales made during the period of illegal marketing. But, I believe, the Government is justified in taking the step it took as it would serve as a starting ground and other CEOs whose companies are also indulged into such activities would learn lessons from it and would take action to stop any objectionable activities within them. By taking this decision, the Government is trying to send a message to the entire industry which, hopefully, would be heard by them. Also, there is a certain provision in the Federal Law that legitimizes the exclusion of an individual who has not been alleged of a crime. Hence, this action of the Government is in coherence with the American Law and thus, the Government cannot be questioned. By concealing negative case study about Celexa and by pushing sales representatives to pay illegal kickbacks to pediatricians, the senior executives of Forest Labs indeed proved to be highly culpable (Singer). Antidepressants can be highly lethal for adolescents and children. It is a belief that this is a cause of suicidal behavior in children and mental illnesses. This fact has been verified by the Fo od and Drug Administration (FDA). Among the various side effects that children experience due to such medications the common ones are feelings of sedation and weight gain, whilst some children may feel more energized with the intake of antidepressants. In short, antidepressants cause psychotic problems in children which are very harmful. Hence, I believe that